Kuwait’s Exit Permit Policy: A Risk to Migrant Workers’ Rights and Freedoms

Kuwait has long relied on migrant workers to support its economy, especially in construction, domestic work, and low-wage service jobs. However, a recent report by Human Rights Watch (June 2025) highlights a troubling policy that puts these workers at risk: the requirement for exit permits. This rule prevents many migrant workers from leaving Kuwait unless they get permission from their employer, raising serious concerns about human rights, freedom of movement, and labor exploitation.

Under Kuwait’s current labor system, most low-wage migrant workers are tied to their employers through the kafala (sponsorship) system. Although some reforms have been made in recent years—such as allowing workers to transfer sponsors under specific conditions—many workers still face restrictions. The exit permit policy means that even after finishing their contract, workers may not be allowed to leave the country unless their sponsor agrees. If a worker leaves without permission, they could face legal punishment, including bans on re-entry.

This system gives employers too much control over their workers’ lives. It increases the risk of abuse, including forced labor, delayed payments, or being trapped in unsafe or unfair working conditions. Human Rights Watch and other international organizations argue that this violates international human rights laws, including the right to freedom of movement and protection from forced labor. In extreme cases, workers may feel they are being held against their will.

The exit permit rule also damages Kuwait’s reputation in the global community. Countries across the Gulf region, including Qatar and Saudi Arabia, have recently made efforts to reduce or remove similar restrictions to improve migrant worker rights. If Kuwait does not act soon, it may fall behind in regional labor reforms and face criticism from international organizations and human rights groups. This could also affect Kuwait’s ability to attract international investment and partnerships.

Reforming the exit permit system is not only a human rights issue—it is also important for building a fairer and more productive economy. When workers are treated with respect and have basic freedoms, they are more motivated and productive. Fair labor practices can help Kuwait become a more attractive place to work, especially as the country tries to diversify its economy and reduce its reliance on oil.

Kuwait has a responsibility to uphold the rights of all people living within its borders, including migrant workers. Human Rights Watch recommends that Kuwait immediately remove the exit permit requirement and continue broader reforms to the kafala system. This includes allowing workers to change jobs more freely and providing them with stronger legal protections. These steps would help protect migrant workers from abuse and show that Kuwait is committed to fairness, dignity, and international labor standards.